The first law of thermodynamics tells us about the relationship between the heat absorbed and the work performed on or by a system. It puts no restrictions on the direction of heat flow. However, the flow of heat is unidirectional from higher temperature to lower temperature. In fact, a…

In 1830, Michael Faraday showed that if electricity is passed through a solution of an electricity, chemical reactions occurred at the electrodes, which resulted in the liberation and deposition of matter at the electrodes. He formulated certain laws. These results suggested the particu…

You are already familiar with the term matter from your earlier classes. Anything which has mass and occupies speed is called matter. Everything around for example, book, pen 🖊️, pencil ✏️, water, air, all living beings etc, are composed of matter. You know that they have mass and they…

The term detergent (L., detergent = to wipe clean) is rather a general one and is used to denote any cleansing agant. This broad defination including soaps as well. However according to present- day popular terminology, the word  Detergent generally refers to synthetic detergents, also ca…

Kerosene oil is used in lamps for illumination purpose. The burning oil should not be sufficiently volatile at ordinary temperatures, otherwise it's vapour would form explosive mixture with air and thus making its use lamps a source of danger. Just a lighted match- strike or a smoul…