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Liquid State

Intermolecular forces are stronger in liquid state than in gaseous state. Molecules in liquids than in gaseous 'state'. Molecules in Liquids are so close that there is very little empty space between them and under normal conditions luquid aree denser than gases. Molecules of li…

Viscosity

It is one of the characteristic properties of liquids. Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow which arises due to the internal friction between layers of fluids as they slip. past one another while liquid flows.  Strong intermolecular forces between molecules hold them together an…

Spontaneity

The first law of thermodynamics tells us about the relationship between the heat absorbed and the work performed on or by a system. It puts no restrictions on the direction of heat flow. However, the flow of heat is unidirectional from higher temperature to lower temperature. In fact, a…

Discovery of Electron

In 1830, Michael Faraday showed that if electricity is passed through a solution of an electricity, chemical reactions occurred at the electrodes, which resulted in the liberation and deposition of matter at the electrodes. He formulated certain laws. These results suggested the particu…

Nature of Matter

You are already familiar with the term matter from your earlier classes. Anything which has mass and occupies speed is called matter. Everything around for example, book, pen 🖊️, pencil ✏️, water, air, all living beings etc, are composed of matter. You know that they have mass and they…