A colloid is a heterogeneous system in which one substances is dispersed (dispersed phase) as very fine particles in another substances called dispersion medium. The essential difference between a solution and a colloid is a that of particle size. While in a solution, the constituent pa…
Coordination Compounds are backbone of modern inorganic and bio-inorganic and bio-chimestry and chemical industry. In the previous Unit we learnt that transition metals form a large number of complex compounds in which the metal atoms and bound to a number of anions or neutral molecules…
The mostajortity of solid substances like high temperature superconductors, biocompatible plastics, silicon chips, etc, are destined to play an ever expanding role in future development of science. We are mostly surrounded by solid and we use them more often than luquid and gases. For d…
Some of the most important chemical are produced industrial by means of reaction that occur on the surfaces of solid catalyts. Surface chemistry deals with phenomenon that occur at the surfaces or interfaces. The interface or surface is represented by separating the bulk phase by a hyph…
Fats and oils belong to the group of naturally occurring compounds called Lipids (Greek, lipid=fat). Lipids are those consituents of animals and plants which are soluble in organic solvents such as either, chloroform of animals and plants which are soluble in organic solvents such as et…
" The Periodic Table is arguably the most important concept in chemistry both in principle and in practice. It is the everyday supported for students, it suggests new avenues of research to professionals and it provides a succinct organization of the whole of chemistry. It is a rema…
One of the most important uses of cellulose is for the manufacturer of paper. The cellulose used is obtained from wood, cotton rags, waste paper, cereal straws, and similar modern method of making paper consists of the following steps. Preparation of Wood Pulp; Preparation of Paper. Pre…
If an evacuated container is partially filled with a liquid, a portion of liquid evaporates to fill the remaining volume of the container with vapour. Initially the liquid evaporates and pressure exerted by vapours on the walls of the container (vapour pressure) increases. After some ti…
'' Hydrocarbons are important sources of energy.'' The term ' hydrocarbon' is self- explanatory which means compounds of carbon and hydrogen only. Hydrocarbons play a key 🗝️ role in our daily life. You must be familiar with the term 'LPG' and 'CNG'…
Particulates Pollutants are the minute solid particles or liquid droplets in air. These are present in vehicle emission, smoke particles from fires, dust particles and ash from industries. Particulate in the atmosphere may be viable or non- viable. The viable particulates e.g., bacteri…
''The world has achieved brilliance without wisdom, power without conscience. Ours is world of nuclear giants and ethical infants.'' Environment studies deal with the sum of all social, economical, biological, physical and chemical interrelations with our surroundings. I…
A gel is a jelly colloidal system in which a liquid is dispersed in a solid medium. For example, when a warm sol of gelatin is cooled, it sets to a semisolid mass which is s gel. The process of a gel formation is known as Gelation. Explanation: Gelation may be through of as partial coagul…
The experimental measurement of the heat of reaction or enthalpy change is known as colarimetry. The name evidently finds its origin in the unit of heat- the -caloric. The heat given out or absorbed in a chemical reaction is measured in a suitable apparatus called a calorimeter. These c…
What are liquid crystals? Some organic solids having long rod-like molecules which do not melt to give the liquid substances directly. They instead, pass through an internet state called the liquid crystal state, often referred to…
Heat therapy has become standard treatment for ailing muscles among athletes, the disabled and elderly people. Heat packs provide relief by dilating the blood vessels of nearby muscles and allowing the soft tissue to stretch, and cold packs reduce the swelling and inflammation of injure…
When an intens beam of light is passed through a liquid or gas, some is scattred by the molecules of the medium. Most of the scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This type of scattering which occurs without a charge in the incident frequency is termed Rayleigh …
What is Osmotic Pressure? A porous pot with cupric ferricyanide membrane deposited in its walls is filled with a rubber stopper having a long glass tube. It is filled with concentration aqueous sugar solution and immersed in distilled water. The osmosis of water through the membrane fro…
Diffusion and Osmosis Just as a gas can diffuse into vacant space or another gas, a solute can diffuse from a solution into the pure solvent. If you pour a saturated aqueous solution of potassium permanganate with the help of thistle funnel into a breaker containing water.it forms a se…
