In this article we shall study laws that govern thermal energy. We shall study the processes where work is converted into heat and vice versa. In winter, when we rub our palms together, we feel warmer; here work done in rubbing our palms together, we feel warmer; here work done in rubbing…

Introduction We all have common- sense notions of heat and temperature. Temperature is a measure of 'hotness' of a body. A kettle with boiling water is hotter than a box containing ice. In physics, we need to define the notion of heat, temperature etc., more carefully. In this art…

In the article, we studies the motion of objects oscillating in isolation. What happens in a system, which is a collection of such objects?        A meterial medium provides such as example. Here, elastic forces bind the consituents to each other and, therefore, the motion of one affects …

A major of all living organisms is made up of water. Human body has about 65% and some plants have as much as 95% water. It is a crucial compounds for the survival of all life forms. It is a solvent of great importance. The distribution of water over the earth's surface is not uniform…

'' Hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe and third most abundant on the surface of the globe, is being visualised as the major furture source of energy''. Hydrogen has the simplest atomic structure among all the elements around us in Nature. In atomic form it…