Wave Machanical Concept of Atom
Bohr, undoubtedly, gave the first quantitative successful model of the atom. But now it has been superseded completely by the modern Wave Mechanical Theory.
The new theory rejectets the view that electrons movie in closed orbits, as was visualized by Bohr. The Wave Mechanical Theory gave a major breakthrough by suggesting that the electron motion is of a complex nature best described by its wave properties and probabilities.
While the classical 'mechanical theory' of matter considered matter of be made of discrite particles (atom ⚛️, electrons, portions etc.), another theory called the 'Wave theory' was necessary to interpret the nature of radiations like X- rays ☀️ and light.
According to the wave thory, radiations as X-rays and light, consisted of continuous collection of wave travelling in space 🚀🌌.
The wave number of light, however, failed completely to explain the photoelectric effect i.e. the emission of electron from metal surfaces by the action of light. In the attempt to find a plausible explanation of radiations from heated bodies as also the photoelectric effect, Planck and Einstein (1905) proposed that energy radiations, including those of heat and light, are emitted doscontinosely as little 'bursts' quanta, or photons. This view is directly opposed to the wave theory of light and it gives particle-like properties to waves.
According to it, light exhibits both a wave and a particle nature, under suitable conditions. This theory which applies to all radiation, is often referred to as the ' Wave Mechanical Theory'.
With Planck's contention. of light having wave and particle nature, the distinction between parties and wave become very hazy. In 1924 Louis de Broglie advanced a complimentary hypothesis for material particles. According to it, the dual character - the wave and particles- may not 🚫 be confined to radiations alone but should be extended of matter as well. In other words, matter also possed particle as well as wave character.
This gave birth to the 'Wave mechanical theory of matter'.
This theory postulates that electrons,protons and even atoms, when in motion, possed wave properties and could also be associated with other characteristics of waves such as wavelength, wave-amplitude and frequency.
The new quantum mechanics, which takes into account the particulate and wave nature of matter, is termed the Wave mechanics.
